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That may change as we continue exploring other worlds in the solar system. Even if no living organisms are found elsewhere, our investigations will shed light on the processes of prebiotic chemistry and primordial geochemistry.25The planet Mars and the moons Europa, Enceladus and Titan all have or had environmental conditions similar to parts of Earth. Future missions such as ExoMars and Europa Clipper — launched late 2024 but not due to arrive at Europa until 2030 — will provide information about processes that are likely to have taken place on the young Earth. A key opportunity for the coming decades will arise with sample-return missions that can bring high-quality samples back to Earth for detailed study.\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760142703/gesda-platform/banner/5-2-4-exobiology-01-2026_image__5.2.4_Exobiology-01_sl6bqb.webp","url2x":null}}}]},{"id":"68a693650ac1330579fd799f","path":"/topics/mathematics","outlineNumber":"5.3","slug":"mathematics","name":"Mathematics","__typename":"Topic","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86c"},"color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a30d","name":"Black","value":"#292929"},"editions":[{"id":"684951c963371e51d83bdf31","name":"2025","slug":"2025","numericValue":2025}],"openGraph":{"title":"Mathematics","date":"2025-10-14T06:27:08.06","description":{"plain":"Unlike any other discipline, mathematics is deeply rooted in almost every human culture. This has been the case for as long as written records have existed. The practices of counting, measuring, arranging, quantifying and comparing objects in the physical world around us is so useful that we begin to teach them to our children at a very young age.\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760334230/gesda-platform/banner/banner_image__banner-topic-5_Header_s09ngd_kxrli9.webp","url2x":null}},"indicatorValues":[{"editions":[{"id":"684951c963371e51d83bdf31","name":"2025","slug":"2025","numericValue":2025}],"indicator":{"id":"65c55cf29e947c438698aa4d","name":"Anticipation Potential","slug":"anticipation-potential","dataSetId":"ANTICIPATION_POTENTIAL"},"value":"0.5677","numericValue":0.5677}],"subTopics":[{"topic":{"id":"68a693650ac1330579fd799f","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86c"}},"id":"68e79218996e064174aade13","path":"/sub-topics/nature","outlineNumber":"5.3.1","slug":"nature-1","name":"Nature","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a30d","name":"Black","value":"#292929"},"openGraph":{"title":"Nature","date":"2025-10-14T06:25:34.24","description":{"plain":"Our understanding of the natural world, in terms of both Earth systems and deeper physical realities, depends to a large extent on mathematical modelling. Although this has been valuable in a variety of applications, phenomena such as climate change have vastly increased the complexity of the systems that researchers would like to model. For instance, the ocean-climate-human system probably involves numerous feedbacks that are currently beyond mathematical models, as is the economic quantification of “ecosystem services”.1 This will require innovations in solving mathematical challenges such as finding solutions to complex and chaotic equations of fluid flow, and their integration with models that accurately reflect human behaviour and trends in other species’s movements and characteristics at a number of scales. Using higher-resolution data and more powerful computing resources to build and explore models will also improve our understanding.2 Programmes that ensure more equitable access to data and computational resources will bring much-needed depth and strength to these efforts.\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760163120/gesda-platform/banner/5-3-1-nature-25-2026_image__5.3.1_Nature_25_oy3lrc.webp","url2x":null}}},{"topic":{"id":"68a693650ac1330579fd799f","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86c"}},"id":"68e792ff996e064174aade2a","path":"/sub-topics/machines","outlineNumber":"5.3.2","slug":"machines-1","name":"Machines","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a30d","name":"Black","value":"#292929"},"openGraph":{"title":"Machines","date":"2025-10-14T06:25:59.21","description":{"plain":"Recent progress in the development of AI and machine learning (ML) has led to numerous scientific, medical and even societal innovations that are set to improve the human experience. However, a range of significant challenges remain.5 Mathematicians are still seeking a clear theoretical understanding of exactly how and why AI and ML work,6 for example, with some models showing a mysterious ability to solve mathematical problems through guesswork in a manner that has yet to be understood. For this and other reasons, it is likely that AI will be most useful in its performance on tasks that are extremely challenging for human intelligence, and AI and human approaches to mathematics could ultimately be complementary rather than competitive.7\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760163189/gesda-platform/banner/5-3-2-machines-25-2026_image__5.3.2_Machines_25_nyrauc.webp","url2x":null}}},{"topic":{"id":"68a693650ac1330579fd799f","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86c"}},"id":"68e7941e996e064174aade41","path":"/sub-topics/society","outlineNumber":"5.3.3","slug":"society-1","name":"Society","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a30d","name":"Black","value":"#292929"},"openGraph":{"title":"Society","date":"2025-10-14T06:26:25.19","description":{"plain":"Mathematics is central to much of the work carried out in the social sciences. Calculus underpins our understanding of economic systems; algebra and game theory define the forces at work when we model social interactions such as elections and responses to policy changes such as inter-state relations and healthcare provision; a deep grasp of statistics is vital to the task of anticipating future societal needs and ensuring that resource management is achieved effectively and efficiently. However, individual human behaviour resists mathematical modelling11 because of its complicated nature, including susceptibility to priming and framing effects that exert considerable influence on short timescales.\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760163249/gesda-platform/banner/5-3-3-society-25-2026_image__5.3.3_Society_25_sajzdr.webp","url2x":null}}},{"topic":{"id":"68a693650ac1330579fd799f","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86c"}},"id":"68e7956c996e064174aade5c","path":"/sub-topics/life","outlineNumber":"5.3.4","slug":"life-1","name":"Life","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a30d","name":"Black","value":"#292929"},"openGraph":{"title":"Life","date":"2025-10-14T06:27:01.44","description":{"plain":"Whether for medical technologies such as diagnostic imaging, surgical intervention, prevention of infectious disease outbreaks and cancer treatment, or for biological applications in neuroscience, genomics and improving agricultural practices, mathematics plays a central role in our study of living systems.17\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760163313/gesda-platform/banner/5-3-4-life-25-2026_image__5.3.4_Life_25_dfa91r.webp","url2x":null}}}]},{"id":"68a693ae0ac1330579fd79ac","path":"/topics/fungal-biology","outlineNumber":"5.4","slug":"fungal-biology","name":"Fungal Biology","__typename":"Topic","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86c"},"color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a30d","name":"Black","value":"#292929"},"editions":[{"id":"684951c963371e51d83bdf31","name":"2025","slug":"2025","numericValue":2025}],"openGraph":{"title":"Fungal Biology","date":"2025-10-14T06:29:31.97","description":{"plain":"Fungi are intricately involved with nearly every organism and ecosystem on Earth. They have changed the course of human civilisation: their yeast makes our bread and beer, their self-defence chemicals underpin important antibiotics1 and now their enzymes promise breakthroughs from greener biofuels and waste-water treatment to potential anti-ageing drugs.\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760334293/gesda-platform/banner/5-4-banner-2026_image__banner-topic-5_Header_s09ngd_hdouri.webp","url2x":null}},"indicatorValues":[{"editions":[{"id":"684951c963371e51d83bdf31","name":"2025","slug":"2025","numericValue":2025}],"indicator":{"id":"65c55cf29e947c438698aa4d","name":"Anticipation Potential","slug":"anticipation-potential","dataSetId":"ANTICIPATION_POTENTIAL"},"value":"0.666","numericValue":0.666}],"subTopics":[{"topic":{"id":"68a693ae0ac1330579fd79ac","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86c"}},"id":"68e78d3a996e064174aadda9","path":"/sub-topics/opportunities-from-fundamental-fungal-biology","outlineNumber":"5.4.1","slug":"opportunities-from-fundamental-fungal-biology-1","name":"Opportunities from fundamental fungal biology","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a30d","name":"Black","value":"#292929"},"openGraph":{"title":"Opportunities from fundamental fungal biology","date":"2025-10-14T06:28:02.53","description":{"plain":"About 150,000 fungal species have been described: physical forms range from macroscopic mushrooms to single-celled yeasts. It is worth noting that discoveries made in yeast alone have netted six Nobel prizes. However, some newly identified genetic and molecular structures are not known to exist within any of these organisms, which suggests that existing samples represent only a tiny fraction of the morphological diversity of the fungal kingdom. There is progress here, though: AI and machine learning and imaging advances are beginning to help researchers develop a taxonomy.\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760264913/gesda-platform/banner/5-4-1-opportunities-from-fundamental-fungal-biology-25-webp-2026_image__5.4.1_Opportunities_from_fundamental_fungal_biology_25_utvwkf.webp","url2x":null}}},{"topic":{"id":"68a693ae0ac1330579fd79ac","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86c"}},"id":"68e78e5a996e064174aaddc6","path":"/sub-topics/fungal-ecology-and-evolution","outlineNumber":"5.4.2","slug":"fungal-ecology-and-evolution-1","name":"Fungal ecology and evolution","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a30d","name":"Black","value":"#292929"},"openGraph":{"title":"Fungal ecology and evolution","date":"2025-10-14T06:28:29.07","description":{"plain":"Fungi play vital roles in all ecosystems: they decompose dead matter and they are parasites, while also being symbionts of animals, plants and bacteria. That every organism has a microbiome is now a matter of record, but it is becoming clear that fungi play important but as yet unclear roles in shaping the structure of these microbial communities. Mycelial networks, for example, are vast ecological structures that interdigitate with most of life on Earth, but our understanding of how these systems function is far from complete.\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760265000/gesda-platform/banner/5-4-2-fungal-ecology-and-evolution-25-2026_image__5.4.2_Fungal_ecology_and_evolution_25_mjwmio.webp","url2x":null}}},{"topic":{"id":"68a693ae0ac1330579fd79ac","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86c"}},"id":"68e78f00996e064174aadddd","path":"/sub-topics/mechanisms-of-fungal-pathogenesis-and-symbiosis","outlineNumber":"5.4.3","slug":"mechanisms-of-fungal-pathogenesis-and-symbiosis-1","name":"Mechanisms of fungal pathogenesis and symbiosis","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a30d","name":"Black","value":"#292929"},"openGraph":{"title":"Mechanisms of fungal pathogenesis and symbiosis","date":"2025-10-14T06:29:00.42","description":{"plain":"The mechanisms that make fungi commensal can also make them turn pathogenic. Their ability to circumvent the immune system, using tricks including changes to their morphology and metabolism, is useful in both cases, enabling them to survive within hosts and even host immune cells.\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760265081/gesda-platform/banner/5-4-3-mechanisms-of-fungal-pathogenesis-and-symbiosis-2026_image__5.4.3_Mechanisms_of_fungal_pathogenesis_and_symbiosis_25_wlxoaw.webp","url2x":null}}},{"topic":{"id":"68a693ae0ac1330579fd79ac","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86c"}},"id":"68e78fd2996e064174aaddf4","path":"/sub-topics/combatting-fungal-pandemics","outlineNumber":"5.4.4","slug":"combatting-fungal-pandemics-1","name":"Combatting fungal pandemics","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a30d","name":"Black","value":"#292929"},"openGraph":{"title":"Combatting fungal pandemics","date":"2025-10-14T06:29:27.77","description":{"plain":"The major fungal pathogens include Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus fumigatus. These may cause direct or indirect harm. For example, the emerging fungal pathogen behind Candidozyma auris infection, first identified in 2009, is becoming a widespread hospital threat, with the number of infections growing by 59 per cent between 2019 and 2020, and by 95 per cent between 2021 and 2022.10  But even strains that do not harm humans directly may harm them indirectly: While Pseudogymnoascus destructans — which causes white-nose syndrome in bats — was thought to be primarily a threat to biodiversity,11 its downstream consequences for ecosystem stability have been linked to increased human infant illness and death. Aspergillus sydowii affects coral reefs but has also spread into hospitals, where it causes respiratory infections. It has also been (controversially) found to drive lung cancer progression.\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760265184/gesda-platform/banner/5-4-4-combatting-fungal-pandemics-25-2026_image__5.4.4_Combatting_fungal_pandemics_25_e4vlq6.webp","url2x":null}}}]},{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7bf","path":"/topics/archaeology","outlineNumber":"5.5","slug":"archaeology","name":"Archaeology","__typename":"Topic","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86c"},"color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a30d","name":"Black","value":"#292929"},"editions":[{"id":"66ab1bb636a8f2f336a557bf","name":"2024","slug":"2024","numericValue":2024},{"id":"684951c963371e51d83bdf31","name":"2025","slug":"2025","numericValue":2025}],"openGraph":{"title":"Archaeology","date":"2025-10-14T06:33:16.41","description":{"plain":"Advances in science and technology are reshaping archaeology in multiple ways, with new techniques significantly enhancing both practice and knowledge. Molecular techniques enable valuable data to be extracted from fragmentary remains and even from sites that lack discernible artefacts. This is shedding new light on past diseases and pathologies, diets and even migrations.\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1726644257/gesda-platform/banner/banner-topic-5-5_image__banner-topic-5_Header_leyjec.webp","url2x":null}},"indicatorValues":[{"editions":[{"id":"66ab1bb636a8f2f336a557bf","name":"2024","slug":"2024","numericValue":2024}],"indicator":{"id":"65c55cf29e947c438698aa4d","name":"Anticipation Potential","slug":"anticipation-potential","dataSetId":"ANTICIPATION_POTENTIAL"},"value":"0.534","numericValue":0.534},{"editions":[{"id":"684951c963371e51d83bdf31","name":"2025","slug":"2025","numericValue":2025}],"indicator":{"id":"65c55cf29e947c438698aa4d","name":"Anticipation Potential","slug":"anticipation-potential","dataSetId":"ANTICIPATION_POTENTIAL"},"value":"0.5557","numericValue":0.5557}],"subTopics":[{"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7bf","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86c"}},"id":"65c55d4f9e947c438698b6a9","path":"/sub-topics/molecular-level-analysis-of-ancient-human-remains","outlineNumber":"5.5.1","slug":"molecular-level-analysis-of-ancient-human-remains","name":"Molecular-level analysis of ancient human remains","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a30d","name":"Black","value":"#292929"},"openGraph":{"title":"Molecular-level analysis of ancient human remains","date":"2025-10-14T06:31:15.90","description":{"plain":"Thanks to scientific and technical advances, mostly developed in the past 25 years, it is now possible to extract multiple forms of molecular data from the remains of ancient humans. The host of available new techniques are being rapidly enhanced, enabling faster analyses that extend further back in time and obtain increasingly detailed information about human origins, migrations, diets and other questions.2\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760302554/gesda-platform/banner/5-5-1-molecular-level-analysis-of-human-remains-2026_image__5.5.1_Molecular-level_analysis_of_human_remains_waf5ex.webp","url2x":null}}},{"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7bf","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86c"}},"id":"65c55d4f9e947c438698b6aa","path":"/sub-topics/molecular-level-analysis-of-ancient-non-human-remains","outlineNumber":"5.5.2","slug":"molecular-level-analysis-of-ancient-non-human-remains","name":"Molecular-level analysis of ancient non-human remains","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a30d","name":"Black","value":"#292929"},"openGraph":{"title":"Molecular-level analysis of ancient non-human remains","date":"2025-10-14T06:31:59.18","description":{"plain":"Molecular data has enabled archaeologists to reconstruct flora and fauna, including pathogens, from ancient environments. This tells us about the ecosystems in which ancient peoples lived and how they affected them. Analyses of pathogens reveal the diseases and epidemics suffered by past societies, where diseases come from and how pathogens evolve. This is vital information for avoiding or preparing to face future pandemics.\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760302622/gesda-platform/banner/5-5-2-molecular-level-analysis-of-ancient-non-human-2026_image__5.5.2_Molecular-level_analysis_of_ancient_non-human_remains_komxqu.webp","url2x":null}}},{"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7bf","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86c"}},"id":"65c55d4f9e947c438698b6ac","path":"/sub-topics/palaeoclimate-studies","outlineNumber":"5.5.3","slug":"palaeoclimate-studies","name":"Palaeoclimate studies","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a30d","name":"Black","value":"#292929"},"openGraph":{"title":"Palaeoclimate studies","date":"2025-10-14T06:32:31.70","description":{"plain":"Improvements in technology and methods are enabling ever more precise sampling of past climates, known as palaeoclimates. Traditional data sources such as tree rings have been supplemented with additional sources like speleothems (stalagmites and stalactites) as well as isotope geochronology. These are making it possible to reconstruct not just average temperatures and rainfalls, but also seasonality and extreme events such as droughts. Climate-related phenomena such as changing sea levels and palaeotsunamis are also being reconstructed in unprecedented detail. The dataset has also been extended further back in time, with palaeoclimate data spanning the entire 7 million years of hominin evolution. However, significant gaps remain.27\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760302672/gesda-platform/banner/5-5-3-palaeoclimate-studies-2026_image__5.5.3_Palaeoclimate_studies_iavzm0.webp","url2x":null}}},{"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7bf","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86c"}},"id":"65c55d4f9e947c438698b6ab","path":"/sub-topics/exposing-and-decoding-world-heritage","outlineNumber":"5.5.4","slug":"exposing-and-decoding-world-heritage","name":"Exposing and decoding world heritage","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a30d","name":"Black","value":"#292929"},"openGraph":{"title":"Exposing and decoding world heritage","date":"2025-10-14T06:33:09.60","description":{"plain":"Archaeology is now able to take advantage of a range of methods and technologies for revealing, recording and preserving hominin artefacts. Some of these operate at the landscape scale: satellite technology and LiDAR (light detection and ranging) are increasingly used to identify habitations and other large-scale structures.40,41 These techniques are particularly useful in inaccessible regions such as dense forest. Many ancient settlements and geoglyphs in the Amazon rainforest have been identified by airborne LiDAR,42,43 and some researchers are exploring LiDAR’s usefulness for underwater archaeology.44\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760302731/gesda-platform/banner/5-5-4-exposing-and-decoding-world-heritage-2026_image__5.5.4_Exposing_and_Decoding_World_Heritage_tkuzfl.webp","url2x":null}}}]}],"feedEntries":[{"id":"65c55cda9e947c438698a4af","path":"/articles/a-high-tech-arms-race-is-shaping-future-warfare","slug":"a-high-tech-arms-race-is-shaping-future-warfare","name":"A high-tech arms race is shaping future warfare","url":"https://wired.me/technology/a-high-tech-arms-race-is-shaping-the-course-of-war/","published":"2022-04-22T00:00:00.00","author":"Chris Wright","openGraph":{"url":"https://wired.me/technology/a-high-tech-arms-race-is-shaping-the-course-of-war/","title":"A high-tech arms race is shaping future warfare","description":{"text":"Mega-military contractors, Silicon Valley startups, and even smartphones on the streets are transforming ‘wars of all against all’"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668984020/gesda-22/article/a-high-tech-arms-race-is-shaping-future-warfare_image__War-copy.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1668984020/gesda-22/article/a-high-tech-arms-race-is-shaping-future-warfare_image__War-copy.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1668984020/gesda-22/article/a-high-tech-arms-race-is-shaping-future-warfare_image__War-copy.jpg"},"small":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,h_64/v1668984020/gesda-22/article/a-high-tech-arms-race-is-shaping-future-warfare_image__War-copy.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,h_128/v1668984020/gesda-22/article/a-high-tech-arms-race-is-shaping-future-warfare_image__War-copy.jpg"}}}}},{"id":"65c55cda9e947c438698a4cf","path":"/articles/altered-gene-helps-plants-absorb-more-carbon-dioxide-produce-more-useful-compounds","slug":"altered-gene-helps-plants-absorb-more-carbon-dioxide-produce-more-useful-compounds","name":"Altered gene helps plants absorb more carbon dioxide, produce more useful compounds","url":"https://beta.nsf.gov/news/altered-gene-helps-plants-absorb-more-carbon-dioxide-produce-more-useful-compounds","published":"2022-06-22T00:00:00.00","author":null,"openGraph":{"url":"https://beta.nsf.gov/news/altered-gene-helps-plants-absorb-more-carbon-dioxide-produce-more-useful-compounds","title":"Altered gene helps plants absorb more carbon dioxide, produce more useful compounds","description":{"text":"Every day, plants around the world perform an invisible miracle. They take carbon dioxide from the air and, with the help of sunlight, turn it into countless chemicals essential to both plants and humans. "},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668984086/gesda-22/article/altered-gene-helps-plants-absorb-more-carbon-dioxide-produce-more-useful-compounds_image__June%252021%25202022_2.png","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1668984086/gesda-22/article/altered-gene-helps-plants-absorb-more-carbon-dioxide-produce-more-useful-compounds_image__June%252021%25202022_2.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1668984086/gesda-22/article/altered-gene-helps-plants-absorb-more-carbon-dioxide-produce-more-useful-compounds_image__June%252021%25202022_2.png"},"small":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,h_64/v1668984086/gesda-22/article/altered-gene-helps-plants-absorb-more-carbon-dioxide-produce-more-useful-compounds_image__June%252021%25202022_2.png","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,h_128/v1668984086/gesda-22/article/altered-gene-helps-plants-absorb-more-carbon-dioxide-produce-more-useful-compounds_image__June%252021%25202022_2.png"}}}}},{"id":"65c55cda9e947c438698a4a5","path":"/articles/a-100-genome-new-dna-sequencers-could-be-a-game-changer","slug":"a-100-genome-new-dna-sequencers-could-be-a-game-changer","name":"A $100 genome? 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This has pushed the need for the development of new economic theories for understanding technology, innovation and the creation and dissemination of new knowledge.\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760140391/gesda-platform/banner/4-2-2-economics-of-knowledge-25-2026_image__4.2.2_Economics_of_knowledge_25_fzdtqv.webp","url2x":null}}},{"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7b4","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86e"}},"id":"68b0525d1dec39db691bdf05","path":"/sub-topics/global-economics","outlineNumber":"4.2.3","slug":"global-economics","name":"Global economics","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a317","name":"Gold","value":"#F5A83B"},"openGraph":{"title":"Global economics","date":"2025-10-14T05:59:51.43","description":{"plain":"Traditional economic models have long painted a narrow and often misleading picture of global development, heavily influenced by Western ideas and an over-reliance on GDP as the primary measure of progress. This perspective frequently portrays lower- and middle-income countries, particularly those in Africa, as needing to \"catch up\" by adopting what are seen as established practices, even while ignoring the legacy of colonial control and global exploitation of nature and people. However, a compelling alternative viewpoint is emerging: that lower- and middle-income countries offer a vital new frontier for economic thinking, providing crucial insights into the future of work, value and societal well-being,6 and the individual and group behaviours that progressive economic models must capture. \n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760140653/gesda-platform/banner/4-2-3-global-economics-2026_image__4.2.3_Global_economics_xitlcg.webp","url2x":null}}},{"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7b4","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86e"}},"id":"68b052e71dec39db691bdf1c","path":"/sub-topics/ecological-economics","outlineNumber":"4.2.4","slug":"ecological-economics","name":"Ecological economics","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a317","name":"Gold","value":"#F5A83B"},"openGraph":{"title":"Ecological economics","date":"2025-10-14T06:00:18.63","description":{"plain":"In an era of rapid climate change, understanding how factors such as biodiversity, changing ecologies and subsequent resource availability will impact future societies and individuals, and the economics behind their activities, is becoming more and more pressing. \n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760140705/gesda-platform/banner/4-2-4-ecological-economics-25-2026_image__4.2.4_Ecological_economics_25_ekkwdd.webp","url2x":null}}}]},{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7b1","path":"/topics/futures-research","outlineNumber":"4.3","slug":"futures-research","name":"Futures Research","__typename":"Topic","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86e"},"color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a317","name":"Gold","value":"#F5A83B"},"editions":[{"id":"66ab1bb636a8f2f336a557bf","name":"2024","slug":"2024","numericValue":2024},{"id":"684951c963371e51d83bdf31","name":"2025","slug":"2025","numericValue":2025}],"openGraph":{"title":"Futures Research","date":"2025-10-14T06:03:23.53","description":{"plain":"Our current situation is often characterised as a “polycrisis”,1 with converging environmental, geopolitical and technological crises, and overwhelming uncertainties. \n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1726643857/gesda-platform/banner/banner-topic-4-3_image__banner-topic-4_Header_dvlxrb.webp","url2x":null}},"indicatorValues":[{"editions":[{"id":"66ab1bb636a8f2f336a557bf","name":"2024","slug":"2024","numericValue":2024}],"indicator":{"id":"65c55cf29e947c438698aa4d","name":"Anticipation Potential","slug":"anticipation-potential","dataSetId":"ANTICIPATION_POTENTIAL"},"value":"0.519","numericValue":0.519},{"editions":[{"id":"684951c963371e51d83bdf31","name":"2025","slug":"2025","numericValue":2025}],"indicator":{"id":"65c55cf29e947c438698aa4d","name":"Anticipation Potential","slug":"anticipation-potential","dataSetId":"ANTICIPATION_POTENTIAL"},"value":"0.6073","numericValue":0.6073}],"subTopics":[{"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7b1","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86e"}},"id":"68b056961dec39db691bdf95","path":"/sub-topics/inclusive-futures-knowledge","outlineNumber":"4.3.1","slug":"inclusive-futures-knowledge","name":"Inclusive futures knowledge","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a317","name":"Gold","value":"#F5A83B"},"openGraph":{"title":"Inclusive futures knowledge","date":"2025-10-14T06:01:40.56","description":{"plain":"The mission of engaged futures research in social sciences, humanities and design is to deliver and mobilise a new layer of inclusive futures knowledge and foresight.\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760140952/gesda-platform/banner/4-3-1-inclusive-futures-knowledge-25-2026_image__4.3.1_Inclusive_futures_knowledge_25_utngth.webp","url2x":null}}},{"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7b1","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86e"}},"id":"68b057351dec39db691bdfac","path":"/sub-topics/theories-and-concepts-for-plural-futures","outlineNumber":"4.3.2","slug":"theories-and-concepts-for-plural-futures","name":"Theories and concepts for plural futures","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a317","name":"Gold","value":"#F5A83B"},"openGraph":{"title":"Theories and concepts for plural futures","date":"2025-10-14T06:02:11.04","description":{"plain":"Theories of futures are diverse.25,26,27 Technologists and engineers often see the future as a problem to be solved, for instance — as an incrementally evolving \"better\" version of the present, where new technologies can solve societal problems or where future life will be disrupted by major social, economic or environmental upheaval, to be solved by building adaptive capabilities and systems to increase resilience and flexibility. When decision-makers adopt these world-views (or varieties of them) they often inform top-down strategies which may be ineffective or resisted.28 \n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760141000/gesda-platform/banner/4-3-2-theories-and-concepts-for-plural-futures-2026_image__4.3.2_Theories_and_concepts_for_plural_futures_25_wuci7l.webp","url2x":null}}},{"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7b1","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86e"}},"id":"68b057c41dec39db691bdfc3","path":"/sub-topics/innovative-and-participatory-futures-methods","outlineNumber":"4.3.3","slug":"innovative-and-participatory-futures-methods","name":"Innovative and participatory futures methods","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a317","name":"Gold","value":"#F5A83B"},"openGraph":{"title":"Innovative and participatory futures methods","date":"2025-10-14T06:02:41.32","description":{"plain":"In recent years a new suite of qualitative futures methods has been developed by methods innovators in the social sciences, humanities and design. \n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760141047/gesda-platform/banner/4-3-3-innovative-and-participatory-futures-methods-2026_image__4.3.3_Innovative_and_participatory_futures_methods_25_bg8poz.webp","url2x":null}}},{"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7b1","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86e"}},"id":"68b058501dec39db691bdfda","path":"/sub-topics/accessibility-engagement-and-action","outlineNumber":"4.3.4","slug":"accessibility-engagement-and-action","name":"Accessibility, engagement and action","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a317","name":"Gold","value":"#F5A83B"},"openGraph":{"title":"Accessibility, engagement and action","date":"2025-10-14T06:03:15.63","description":{"plain":"As the international profile, visibility and potential of social-science, humanities and design futures expertise is consolidated, it is becoming available to an expanding circle of decision-makers and professionals across sectors and industry, government, not-for-profit and international organisations. 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The changing climate, for instance, alters the viability of some lifestyles while opening up new ones — pastoralism versus mining in the Arctic, for example.6 The superpower face-off of the late 20th century has given way to a new, more multipolar environment in which nations may simultaneously collaborate and compete, or enter into new alliances and alignments. These factors are causing significant changes in global mobility and thus leading to novel intergroup interactions.\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760141598/gesda-platform/banner/4-5-4-interaction-with-wider-global-trends-2026_image__4.5.4_Interaction_with_wider_global_trends_mtuwqn.webp","url2x":null}}}]},{"id":"68a693290ac1330579fd7992","path":"/topics/language-and-communication","outlineNumber":"4.6","slug":"language-and-communication","name":"Language and Communication","__typename":"Topic","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86e"},"color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a317","name":"Gold","value":"#F5A83B"},"editions":[{"id":"684951c963371e51d83bdf31","name":"2025","slug":"2025","numericValue":2025}],"openGraph":{"title":"Language and Communication","date":"2025-10-15T10:33:18.67","description":{"plain":"The emergence of language was probably a key factor in the tremendous success of our species and potentially represents a unique evolutionary step in the history of life on Earth. While abilities like tool-making and planning have proved to be widespread in the animal kingdom, complex languages which convey rich, unbounded meanings through structured recombination of elements appear not to be found in any other species.\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760334398/gesda-platform/banner/banner-4-6-2026-1_image__banner-topic-4_Header_dvlxrb_vm0au2.webp","url2x":null}},"indicatorValues":[{"editions":[{"id":"684951c963371e51d83bdf31","name":"2025","slug":"2025","numericValue":2025}],"indicator":{"id":"65c55cf29e947c438698aa4d","name":"Anticipation Potential","slug":"anticipation-potential","dataSetId":"ANTICIPATION_POTENTIAL"},"value":"0.5993","numericValue":0.5993}],"subTopics":[{"topic":{"id":"68a693290ac1330579fd7992","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86e"}},"id":"68b01bc31dec39db691bda63","path":"/sub-topics/machines-and-language","outlineNumber":"4.6.1","slug":"machines-and-language","name":"Machines and language","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a317","name":"Gold","value":"#F5A83B"},"openGraph":{"title":"Machines and language","date":"2025-10-15T10:29:19.45","description":{"plain":"Emerging technologies like AI have considerable potential for improving our understanding of language and by extension the evolution of human cognitive capacities.3\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760141684/gesda-platform/banner/4-6-1-machines-and-language-25-2026_image__4.6.1_Machines_and_language_25_umhtgl.webp","url2x":null}}},{"topic":{"id":"68a693290ac1330579fd7992","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86e"}},"id":"68b01dee1dec39db691bda8d","path":"/sub-topics/communication-beyond-language","outlineNumber":"4.6.2","slug":"communication-beyond-language","name":"Communication beyond language","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a317","name":"Gold","value":"#F5A83B"},"openGraph":{"title":"Communication beyond language","date":"2025-10-14T06:12:37.20","description":{"plain":"All living things communicate, including plants and insects. While the richness and complexity of human language appears to be unparalleled, there are animals that have communication systems which incorporate some language-like elements. Relevant examples come from birds (especially songbirds),18 cetaceans19 and great apes.20 Recent research has focused on structural similarities. For example, distributional semantic analysis suggests that bonobo calls show “compositionality”,21 a key feature that enables open-ended communication in language.\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760141965/gesda-platform/banner/4-6-2-communication-beyond-language-25-2026_image__4.6.2_Communication_beyond_language_25_sa2z1w.webp","url2x":null}}},{"topic":{"id":"68a693290ac1330579fd7992","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86e"}},"id":"68b01ec31dec39db691bdaa7","path":"/sub-topics/new-empirical-and-experimental-methods","outlineNumber":"4.6.3","slug":"new-empirical-and-experimental-methods","name":"New empirical and experimental methods","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a317","name":"Gold","value":"#F5A83B"},"openGraph":{"title":"New empirical and experimental methods","date":"2025-10-14T06:13:03.34","description":{"plain":"The past decade has seen the development of new methods to investigate how language is learned, produced and interpreted, and to simulate how languages change as they are transmitted between users over time. In addition, we now have access to much larger and richer spoken- and signed-language corpora than ever, as well as large-scale databases documenting a wide array of linguistic features across many of the world’s languages. These have led to improved empirical coverage, and better theories of language. We are now in an excellent position to determine with more confidence the commonality of different linguistic patterns across the world’s languages and to explain these cross-linguistic trends. For example, there is evidence across a variety of domains that certain common patterns of word and morpheme order are cognitively privileged.29,30,31\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760142016/gesda-platform/banner/4-6-3-new-empirical-and-experimental-methods-2026_image__4.6.3_New_empirical_and_experimental_methods_25_fyliin.webp","url2x":null}}},{"topic":{"id":"68a693290ac1330579fd7992","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86e"}},"id":"68b01f7c1dec39db691bdac1","path":"/sub-topics/multilingualism","outlineNumber":"4.6.4","slug":"multilingualism","name":"Multilingualism","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a317","name":"Gold","value":"#F5A83B"},"openGraph":{"title":"Multilingualism","date":"2025-10-15T10:33:15.06","description":{"plain":"Speaking two or more languages is commonplace and has probably been the norm for much of human existence.42 In contrast, monolingualism is a relatively rare state. The regulation of languages, with impacts on multilingualism, is tied to state actions including oppression and persecution.43 Negative attitudes and misinformation around multilingualism44 continue to result in languages being marginalised and in some cases lost. There is evidence that enforced language (dis-)use causes concrete harm, preventing people who are less than fluent in an approved language from accessing education and other essential services.45  By contrast, we now know that multilingualism does not interfere with children’s language acquisition,46 can facilitate learning additional languages,47 increases connections between people and their culture,48 and may have positive impacts on other cognitive capacities, such as perspective-taking and executive function.49,50\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760142070/gesda-platform/banner/4-6-4-multilingualism-25-2026_image__4.6.4_Multilingualism_25_heuhpl.webp","url2x":null}}}]}],"feedEntries":[{"id":"65c55cda9e947c438698a4ac","path":"/articles/a-geneve-la-diplomatie-scientifique-devoile-ses-atours-in-geneva-scientific-diplomacy-unveils-its-trappings","slug":"a-geneve-la-diplomatie-scientifique-devoile-ses-atours-in-geneva-scientific-diplomacy-unveils-its-trappings","name":"A Genève, la diplomatie scientifique dévoile ses atours (In Geneva, scientific diplomacy unveils its trappings)","url":"https://www.heidi.news/sciences/a-geneve-la-diplomatie-scientifique-devoile-ses-atours","published":"2022-05-22T00:00:00.00","author":"Sarah Sermondadaz","openGraph":{"url":"https://www.heidi.news/sciences/a-geneve-la-diplomatie-scientifique-devoile-ses-atours","title":"A Genève, la diplomatie scientifique dévoile ses atours (In Geneva, scientific diplomacy unveils its trappings)","description":{"text":"La première semaine de la diplomatie scientifique à Genève. A cette occasion, 30 diplomates, universitaires et cadres triés sur le volet ont suivi une immersion de haut niveau, avec certaines conférences ouvertes au public. (Thirty diplomats, academics and executives followed a high-level immersion, with some conferences open to the public. )"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668984017/gesda-22/article/a-geneve-la-diplomatie-scientifique-devoile-ses-atours-in-geneva-scientific-diplomacy-unveils-its-trappings_image__medium.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1668984017/gesda-22/article/a-geneve-la-diplomatie-scientifique-devoile-ses-atours-in-geneva-scientific-diplomacy-unveils-its-trappings_image__medium.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1668984017/gesda-22/article/a-geneve-la-diplomatie-scientifique-devoile-ses-atours-in-geneva-scientific-diplomacy-unveils-its-trappings_image__medium.jpg"},"small":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,h_64/v1668984017/gesda-22/article/a-geneve-la-diplomatie-scientifique-devoile-ses-atours-in-geneva-scientific-diplomacy-unveils-its-trappings_image__medium.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,h_128/v1668984017/gesda-22/article/a-geneve-la-diplomatie-scientifique-devoile-ses-atours-in-geneva-scientific-diplomacy-unveils-its-trappings_image__medium.jpg"}}}}},{"id":"65c55cda9e947c438698a4c3","path":"/articles/ai-climate-negotiators-can-debate-100-years-worth-of-policy-in-seconds","slug":"ai-climate-negotiators-can-debate-100-years-worth-of-policy-in-seconds","name":"AI climate negotiators can debate 100 years worth of policy in seconds","url":"https://www.newscientist.com/article/2338108-ai-climate-negotiators-can-debate-100-years-worth-of-policy-in-seconds/","published":"2022-09-22T00:00:00.00","author":" Jeremy Hsu","openGraph":{"url":"https://www.newscientist.com/article/2338108-ai-climate-negotiators-can-debate-100-years-worth-of-policy-in-seconds/","title":"AI climate negotiators can debate 100 years worth of policy in seconds","description":{"text":"A simulation consisting of 27 AIs representing different regions in climate negotiations is part of a competition to find out which policies and incentives could have the best chances of success"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1668984062/gesda-22/article/ai-climate-negotiators-can-debate-100-years-worth-of-policy-in-seconds_image__SEI_125411549.jpg","url2x":null,"thumbnails":{"card":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_480/v1668984062/gesda-22/article/ai-climate-negotiators-can-debate-100-years-worth-of-policy-in-seconds_image__SEI_125411549.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,w_960/v1668984062/gesda-22/article/ai-climate-negotiators-can-debate-100-years-worth-of-policy-in-seconds_image__SEI_125411549.jpg"},"small":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,h_64/v1668984062/gesda-22/article/ai-climate-negotiators-can-debate-100-years-worth-of-policy-in-seconds_image__SEI_125411549.jpg","url2x":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/c_limit,h_128/v1668984062/gesda-22/article/ai-climate-negotiators-can-debate-100-years-worth-of-policy-in-seconds_image__SEI_125411549.jpg"}}}}},{"id":"65c55cda9e947c438698a4cd","path":"/articles/ai-what-does-the-future-hold-for-us-automating-strategic-foresight","slug":"ai-what-does-the-future-hold-for-us-automating-strategic-foresight","name":"AI, What Does the Future Hold for Us? 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However, CRISPR’s ability to correct gene defects depends on making double-strand breaks that are repaired by cellular processes. 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Resetting an aged epigenome to a youthful state therefore offers the prospect of rejuvenation rather than merely slowing the pace of ageing: it makes cells, tissues and organisms actually younger rather than simply slowing their decline.\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760093054/gesda-platform/banner/2-3-2-rejuvenating-the-epigenome-25-2026_image__2.3.2_Rejuvenating_the_epigenome_25_lnvllp.webp","url2x":null}}},{"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7b6","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86b"}},"id":"65c55d4f9e947c438698b679","path":"/sub-topics/dark-genome","outlineNumber":"2.3.3","slug":"dark-genome","name":"Dark genome","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a325","name":"Teal","value":"#078694"},"openGraph":{"title":"Dark genome","date":"2025-10-14T05:12:32.95","description":{"plain":"For decades, biomedical research has largely focused on the 1.5 per cent of the human genome that codes for proteins, dismissing the rest as “junk DNA”. 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Psilocybin and MDMA are being used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, for example.28,29\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760093584/gesda-platform/banner/2-4-3-modulation-of-human-consciousness-2026_image__2.4.3_Modulation_of_human_consciousness_nieluj.webp","url2x":null}}},{"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7ad","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86b"}},"id":"65c55d4f9e947c438698b656","path":"/sub-topics/beyond-human-consciousness","outlineNumber":"2.4.4","slug":"beyond-human-consciousness","name":"Beyond-human consciousness","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a325","name":"Teal","value":"#078694"},"openGraph":{"title":"Beyond-human consciousness","date":"2025-10-14T05:20:02.09","description":{"plain":"In humans it may be possible to augment normal consciousness using drugs, neurotechnology or genetic interventions, as evidenced by experiments in animals.37 Some researchers have used wearable technologies or implants to give themselves magnetic senses, for instance,38 or the ability to cross modalities and feel sound.39  \n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760340763/gesda-platform/banner/2-4-4-beyond-human-consciousness_image__2.4.4_Beyond-human_consciousness_uu3lua.png","url2x":null}}}]},{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7ba","path":"/topics/engineering-human-biology","outlineNumber":"2.5","slug":"engineering-human-biology","name":"Engineering Human Biology","__typename":"Topic","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86b"},"color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a325","name":"Teal","value":"#078694"},"editions":[{"id":"66ab1bb636a8f2f336a557bf","name":"2024","slug":"2024","numericValue":2024},{"id":"684951c963371e51d83bdf31","name":"2025","slug":"2025","numericValue":2025}],"openGraph":{"title":"Engineering Human Biology","date":"2025-10-14T05:23:48.43","description":{"plain":"Re-engineering human biology is increasingly possible, largely thanks to the convergence of three developments.\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1726643060/gesda-platform/banner/banner-topic-2-5_image__banner-topic-2_Header_tcuq3e.webp","url2x":null}},"indicatorValues":[{"editions":[{"id":"66ab1bb636a8f2f336a557bf","name":"2024","slug":"2024","numericValue":2024}],"indicator":{"id":"65c55cf29e947c438698aa4d","name":"Anticipation Potential","slug":"anticipation-potential","dataSetId":"ANTICIPATION_POTENTIAL"},"value":"0.537","numericValue":0.537},{"editions":[{"id":"684951c963371e51d83bdf31","name":"2025","slug":"2025","numericValue":2025}],"indicator":{"id":"65c55cf29e947c438698aa4d","name":"Anticipation Potential","slug":"anticipation-potential","dataSetId":"ANTICIPATION_POTENTIAL"},"value":"0.608","numericValue":0.608}],"subTopics":[{"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7ba","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86b"}},"id":"65c55d4f9e947c438698b674","path":"/sub-topics/cellular-re-programming-and-tissue-development","outlineNumber":"2.5.1","slug":"cellular-re-programming-and-tissue-development","name":"Cellular (re-)programming and tissue development","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a325","name":"Teal","value":"#078694"},"openGraph":{"title":"Cellular (re-)programming and tissue development","date":"2025-10-14T05:21:23.58","description":{"plain":"Through a deeper understanding of the structures and processes within living cells, scientists are learning how to reprogram human cells. 7 Cellular reprogramming can be used to reverse age-related changes in cells.8 This enables the mechanisms of human ageing to be studied in vitro.9 It may also shed light on developmental disorders.10 By partially rejuvenating cells while retaining their identity,11 it may be possible to restore lost immune function12 and other ageing-related health conditions.13 There is also potential to use viral vectors to reprogram specific cells: for instance, reprogramming cancer cells in such a way that the immune system attacks and destroys them.14\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760093965/gesda-platform/banner/2-5-1-cellular-re-programming-and-tissue-development-25-2026_image__2.5.1_Cellular_re-_programming_and_tissue_development_25_wzh6cc.webp","url2x":null}}},{"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7ba","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86b"}},"id":"65c55d4f9e947c438698b67c","path":"/sub-topics/organoids","outlineNumber":"2.5.2","slug":"organoids","name":" Organoids","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a325","name":"Teal","value":"#078694"},"openGraph":{"title":" Organoids","date":"2025-10-14T05:22:11.98","description":{"plain":"Organoids are clusters of cells that mimic the development of tissues and organs. 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After the success of mRNA vaccines, other RNA-based therapies are being explored, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), which bind to RNA targets, preventing them from producing harmful proteins, such as those which cause Huntington’s disease in the brain.5\n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760094324/gesda-platform/banner/2-6-1-future-cell-and-gene-therapy-2026_image__2.6.1_Future_Cell_and_Gene_Therapy_ddj2id.webp","url2x":null}}},{"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7b5","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86b"}},"id":"65c55d4f9e947c438698b664","path":"/sub-topics/hacking-immunity","outlineNumber":"2.6.2","slug":"hacking-immunity","name":"Hacking immunity","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a325","name":"Teal","value":"#078694"},"openGraph":{"title":"Hacking immunity","date":"2025-10-14T05:26:06.47","description":{"plain":"There has been gradual progress in our understanding of immune regulatory mechanisms, thanks to the discovery of a diverse range of immune cells, from anti-inflammatory “brakes” on the system to pro-inflammatory “accelerators”. The goal for all immune modulation — whether boosting anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory cells, CAR-T (the modification of immune cells to target cancer cells) or other manipulation — is re-establishing and supporting the body’s natural homeostasis. \n"},"image":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1760094384/gesda-platform/banner/2-6-2-hacking-immunity-2026_image__2.6.2_Hacking_immunity_y6eugg.webp","url2x":null}}},{"topic":{"id":"65c55d599e947c438698b7b5","trend":{"id":"65c55d5c9e947c438698b86b"}},"id":"65c55d4f9e947c438698b659","path":"/sub-topics/anti-infectives","outlineNumber":"2.6.3","slug":"anti-infectives","name":"Anti-infectives","__typename":"SubTopic","color":{"id":"65c55cbc9e947c438698a325","name":"Teal","value":"#078694"},"openGraph":{"title":"Anti-infectives","date":"2025-10-14T05:26:51.41","description":{"plain":"The widespread use of antibiotics, antivirals and antifungals has driven the evolution of antimicrobial resistance, set to kill 10 million people a year by 2050. 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